[{"id": 92689, "created": "2016-03-14T09:00:38.914755", "project_id": 212, "task_id": 40490, "user_id": 427, "user_ip": null, "finish_time": "2016-03-14T09:00:38.914780", "timeout": null, "calibration": null, "external_uid": null, "media_url": null, "info": {"other": "", "translation": "The development of INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM and SOCIALISM.\r\n\r\n(Sequel and finish)\r\nFrom these social questions which had become so burning accrued policial socialism. This new movement chose different paths to solve social questions. In England, practically thinking social reformers campaigned for a collective self-help. They founded labour unions and cooperatives. Already in 1819, England passed laws dealing with workers' safety. From then on, the government adopted a neutral attitude in the fights for wages.\r\n\r\nIn the European countries, the socialists took different paths. They attempted to achieve their goals by a complete redesign of state and social life. \r\n\r\n\"Economic equality over a new order of property\" and the \"right for work\" were the ideas of the revolutionary socialism. The young socialist movement was not unified and thus split into different groups. Some groups wanted to solve social problems with unionised actions. Others wanted to produce all goods in small manual  cooperatives. They strived for a complete economic and political autonomy of the associations of local authorities. Thus, the state would finally be superfluous. The armed people would replace the military and the police.\r\n\r\nKarl Marx, the social philosopher and founder of the socioscientific doctrine of \"Marxism\", viewed the capitalist heavy industry as a power demanding progress. In the anarchists' program, he saw a return to civil trade guilds. The Marxist doctrine as it is declared in the \"Communist Manifest\" generally fights against private ownership of ressources; i. e. of machines, property, because in that way workers would be at the mercy of capitalists. There was a inexpiable contrast between capital and labour. Therefore, Marx proclaimed the \"class struggle\". Marx assesses the state, like the anarchists, as an instrument of exploitation. The capitalists hold tight to the authorities with all their might to use it against the people. In order to break the dictatorship of capitalism, one has to come to the dictatorship of the proletariat. It will then socialize the ressources and gradually render the state superfluous by abolishing exploitation.\r\n\r\nThis parole of class struggle could only have the greatest effect if it is attempted at an international scale. Therefore the Communist Manifest culminates in the slogan: \"Proletarians of all countries, unify.\"\r\n\r\nThe industrial workers' wish to improve their living conditions was absolutely justified. The ideas of a new liberal organization of state and society which found its expression in the French Revolution could only then be based on a really permanent foundation of political democracy evolved into social democracy. In the industrial nations of the European continent, the majority of industrial workers of the second half of the 19th century avowed themselves to Marxism. This new doctrine, of course, found many ardent supporters among the workers because it scientifically proved that they would be the future dominators and liberators of humanity.\r\n\r\nHowever, Marxism only postponed this revolutionary goal until a vague future, and at the same time, stood up for a unionised and reformist solution of social questions to improve the working classes' fate and to strengthen their position of power."}}, {"id": 105473, "created": "2016-09-08T20:44:58.922256", "project_id": 212, "task_id": 40490, "user_id": 138, "user_ip": null, "finish_time": "2016-09-08T20:44:58.922279", "timeout": null, "calibration": null, "external_uid": null, "media_url": null, "info": {"other": "There are a few words in there that are not even mainstream German. So I have tried to get a rough equivalent. If that sounds funny in English, it does so in German too.", "translation": "The Development of\r\nIndustrial Capitalism and of\r\nSocialism\r\n\r\nCont. and end\r\n\r\nFrom these social questions having become more burning rose the political Socialism. This new movement took different paths to the solution of the social questions. In England, the practically thinking social reformers advocated communal self-help. They formed trade unions and co-operatives. Already in 1819, England passed acts for the protection of workers. From this point onwards, the government took a neutral position in compensation conflicts.\r\n\r\nThe Socialists in the European countries followed other paths. They strove towards their goals through a complete remodeling of political- and social life.\r\n\r\n\"Economic equality through a new property order\" and the \"Right to Work\" were the ideas of revolutionary Socialism. The young Socialist movement was not united and split up into various groups. Some groups wanted to solve the social problems through trade-union activism. Others wanted to produce all goods in small, artisanal co-operatives. They strove towards a complete economic and political self-administration of the communal associations. This should make the state superfluous. The armed populace should replace military and police.\r\n\r\nKarl Marx, the social-philosopher and founder of the social-science of \"Marxism\", saw in the heavy industries a progress promoting power. He took the program of the Anarchists as a return to bourgeois guild structures. The Marxist teaching, announced in the \"Communist Manifest\", fights the private appropriation of the means of production.; i. e. machines, land and property, because this surrenders the workers to the Capitalists. There exists an irreconcilable adversity between capital and work. This is why Marx proclaims \"class warfare\", Marx considers the state, as do the Anarchists, as and instrument of exploitation. The Capitalists cling to the power of the state with all means, to deploy it against the people. To break the dictatorship of Capitalism, the dictatorship of the Proletariat has to arrive. This will then nationalize the means of production and eventually make the state redundant by abolishing the exploitation.\r\n\r\nThe parole of class warfare could achieve its maximum effect if executed in an international frame. Therefore the Communist manifest culminated in the slogan: \"Workers of the World, unite!\"\r\n\r\nThe aspiration of the industrial workforce to improve their living conditions was quite justified. The ideal of a new, liberal political- and social order, expressed in the French Revolution, could only be founded on a really durable basis, if the political Democracy progressed into a social Democracy. In the industrial nations of the European continent, the majority of the industrial workforce in the second half of the 19th century was committed to Marxism. This new teaching found of course a lot of enthusiastic followers among the workers, as it delivered the scientific proof, that they would be the future liberators and masters of humankind.\r\n\r\nBut Marxism postponed this revolutionary goal into an indeterminate future and advocated at the same time a solution of the social question based on trade unions and reforms, to improve the lot of the working class and strengthen their position of power,"}}]